Sunday, April 5, 2026

Nano: A Feeless Cryptocurrency and Its Ecosystem


Most cryptocurrencies are built around transaction fees, mining rewards, and complex smart contracts.

Nano (https://nano.org/) is different. It was designed with a very specific goal:

Instant transactions with zero fees and minimal energy consumption.

Because of this design, Nano is often not compared to Ethereum or Bitcoin, but rather to digital cash or payment networks.

This article introduces Nano, its wallets, forks like Banano, NFTs, projects, and how individuals can build their own projects on Nano.

1. Nano Wallets and Why Transactions Are Free

To use Nano, you need a wallet. Two of the most commonly used wallets are:

Popular Nano Wallets

  • NanChat – Messaging app with integrated Nano payments, https://nanchat.com/
  • Natrium – One of the most popular Nano mobile wallets
  • Nault – Web wallet
  • WeNano – Location-based Nano distribution app

These wallets allow instant transfers between users.

Why Nano Transactions Are Free

Most blockchains have fees because:

  • Miners must be paid (Proof of Work)
  • Validators must be paid (Proof of Stake)
  • Blocks have limited space

Nano works differently. It uses a structure called block-lattice, where:

  • Each account has its own blockchain
  • Transactions are asynchronous
  • Users perform a very small Proof of Work locally when sending a transaction
  • No miners are needed
  • No block rewards are needed
  • No transaction fees are needed

Instead of miners, the network uses representatives who vote on transaction validity.
These representatives are not paid directly by the protocol, which is one reason why transactions remain free.

So Nano removes:

  • Mining
  • Fees
  • Block rewards

And keeps only:

  • Validation through voting
  • Small computational work when sending transactions

Nano Forks: Banano and Others

Nano is open source, so other projects have created forks.

Banano

Banano is the most famous Nano fork.
It started as a community project and meme coin but actually became an ecosystem with:

  • Faucets
  • Games
  • NFTs
  • Folding@home rewards
  • Educational projects

Banano transactions are also free and instant because it uses the same technology as Nano.

Free Exchange Between Forks

Because Nano and Banano are technically similar, there are services that allow fee-less or very low-fee swaps between Nano and Banano using intermediary services or community exchanges.

This leads to an interesting idea:

If multiple feeless cryptocurrencies can be exchanged without fees, crypto could function as a free global payment network.

This is very different from Bitcoin or Ethereum where fees can be significant.

In theory, future systems could allow:

  • Free Nano ↔ Banano swaps
  • Free crypto transfers across networks
  • Feeless micro-payments
  • Machine-to-machine payments

This is an interesting area for experimentation.

2. How Nano Differs From Other Blockchains

Nano is fundamentally different from Bitcoin and Ethereum.

Key Differences

FeatureBitcoinEthereumNano
ConsensusProof of WorkProof of StakeOpen Representative Voting
FeesHighMediumNone
SpeedSlowMediumVery Fast
Energy UseVery HighLowVery Low
Smart ContractsNoYesNo
Main PurposeStore of valueApplicationsPayments
BlocksYesYesNo (block-lattice)
MiningYesNoNo
Transactions per secondLowMediumHigh

Simple Summary

SystemAnalogy
BitcoinDigital gold
EthereumBlockchain computer
NanoDigital cash

Nano is not trying to replace Ethereum or run smart contracts.
It is optimized for one thing only: fast, free payments.

Nano Speed, Bitcoin comparison:

3. Projects Built on Nano

Nano does not support smart contracts in the same way as Ethereum, but many projects exist around payments and community tools.

Examples of Nano Ecosystem Projects

  • WeNano – Location-based Nano distribution
  • NanChat – Messaging + payments
  • Natrium – Mobile wallet
  • Nault – Web wallet
  • Nano.to – Payment and tipping service
  • NanoTipBot – Social media tipping
  • PlayNano – Games and rewards
  • Folding@home Banano – Earn Banano for scientific computing
  • Banano ecosystem – Games, NFTs, faucets

Most Nano projects focus on:

  • Payments
  • Tips
  • Faucets
  • Games
  • Community tools
  • Microtransactions

4. NFTs on Nano and Banano (with WAX)

Nano itself does not have native smart contracts, so NFTs are not directly on Nano like on Ethereum.

However, NFTs exist in the ecosystem through:

  • Banano NFTs
  • Integration with WAX blockchain
  • Off-chain NFT systems with Nano payments

WAX Blockchain

WAX is a blockchain specialized for NFTs and gaming assets.
Some projects combine:

  • NFTs stored on WAX
  • Payments done with Nano or Banano

This creates an interesting combination:

  • NFTs on WAX
  • Payments in Nano
  • Feeless transfers
  • Microtransactions possible

This model may be useful for:

  • Games
  • Digital collectibles
  • Tickets
  • Certificates
  • Digital assets

5. Possible Use Cases for Nano

Nano is particularly interesting where very small payments or frequent payments are required.

Potential Use Cases

  • Micropayments for articles
  • Pay-per-use APIs
  • Machine-to-machine payments
  • IoT payments
  • Tipping systems
  • International transfers
  • Donations
  • Gaming payments
  • Streaming payments (pay per minute)
  • Public transport payments
  • Vending machines
  • Energy trading between households
  • Scientific computing rewards
  • Faucet systems
  • Educational reward systems

Nano could be useful wherever:

  • Fees must be zero
  • Payments must be instant
  • Transactions are small
  • Many transactions occur

Ideal Future Project on Nano

An interesting future project on Nano could be something like:

Ideas

  • Micro-payment system for blogs (pay per article)
  • Scientific data marketplace with micro-payments
  • Clinical trial participant micro-payments
  • Global tipping platform
  • Machine-to-machine payment network
  • IoT device payment system
  • Digital identity payment system
  • Pay-per-use AI models
  • Energy trading between households
  • Donation platform with zero fees
  • Academic publishing micropayments
  • Open data marketplace

Nano is especially interesting for very small payments that are impossible with normal banking systems.

6. How Individuals Can Build Projects on Nano

You do not need to create a new blockchain to build on Nano.

You can build projects using:

  • Nano APIs
  • Wallet integrations
  • Payment buttons
  • Tip bots
  • Faucets
  • Web applications
  • Games
  • Donation systems

Typical Steps

  1. Create a Nano wallet
  2. Use Nano node or API
  3. Integrate payment into website or app
  4. Use Nano for rewards, tips, or payments
  5. Build community around project
  6. Optionally integrate Banano or NFTs via WAX

Nano projects are often community-driven, not corporate-driven.

This makes the ecosystem very open for experimentation.

Final Thoughts

Nano is very different from most cryptocurrencies.

While many blockchains focus on:

  • Smart contracts
  • DeFi
  • Tokens
  • NFTs
  • Complex applications

Nano focuses on only one problem:

How to send money instantly, globally, with zero fees.

Because of this narrow focus, Nano is technically very elegant and efficient.

Nano may not replace smart contract platforms, but it could become a payment layer for the internet, especially for micropayments and machine-to-machine transactions.


Note: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial or investment advice. The content reflects personal research and opinions. Texts may be structured and edited with the assistance of AI tools such as ChatGPT.


Nano: Eine gebührenfreie Kryptowährung und ihr Ökosystem

Die meisten Kryptowährungen basieren auf Transaktionsgebühren, Mining-Belohnungen oder komplexen Smart Contracts.
Nano ist anders. Nano wurde mit einem sehr klaren Ziel entwickelt:

Sofortige Transaktionen ohne Gebühren und mit minimalem Energieverbrauch.

Deshalb wird Nano oft nicht mit Ethereum oder Bitcoin verglichen, sondern eher mit digitalem Bargeld oder einem Zahlungsnetzwerk.

Dieser Artikel stellt Nano, Wallets, Forks wie Banano, NFTs, Projekte sowie mögliche Anwendungsfälle vor und beschreibt, wie Einzelpersonen eigene Projekte auf Nano aufbauen können.


1. Nano Wallets und warum Transaktionen kostenlos sind

Um Nano zu nutzen, benötigt man eine Wallet. Zwei der bekanntesten Nano Wallets sind:

Bekannte Nano Wallets

  • NanChat – Messaging-App mit integrierten Nano-Zahlungen
  • Natrium – Eine der beliebtesten Nano Mobile Wallets
  • Nault – Web Wallet
  • WeNano – Standortbasierte Nano-App

Mit diesen Wallets können Nutzer Nano sofort und ohne Gebühren versenden.

Warum Nano Transaktionen kostenlos sind

Die meisten Blockchains haben Gebühren, weil:

  • Miner bezahlt werden müssen (Proof of Work)
  • Validatoren bezahlt werden müssen (Proof of Stake)
  • Blöcke begrenzten Platz haben

Nano funktioniert anders. Nano verwendet eine Struktur namens Block-Lattice, bei der:

  • Jeder Account seine eigene Blockchain hat
  • Transaktionen asynchron sind
  • Der Nutzer beim Senden eine kleine lokale Rechenoperation ausführt
  • Es keine Miner gibt
  • Es keine Blockbelohnungen gibt
  • Es keine Transaktionsgebühren gibt

Statt Minern nutzt Nano ein System namens Open Representative Voting, bei dem sogenannte Vertreter Transaktionen bestätigen.

Nano entfernt also:

  • Mining
  • Gebühren
  • Blockbelohnungen

Und behält:

  • Validierung durch Abstimmung
  • Kleine lokale Rechenleistung beim Senden

Nano Forks: Banano und andere

Nano ist Open Source, daher wurden Forks entwickelt.

Banano

Banano ist der bekannteste Nano-Fork.
Banano begann als Community-Projekt und Meme-Coin, entwickelte aber ein eigenes Ökosystem mit:

  • Faucets
  • Spielen
  • NFTs
  • Folding@home Belohnungen
  • Community Projekten

Banano Transaktionen sind ebenfalls kostenlos und sofort, da die gleiche Technologie wie Nano verwendet wird.

Kostenloser Austausch zwischen Forks

Da Nano und Banano technisch sehr ähnlich sind, gibt es Services, die gebührenfreien oder sehr günstigen Austausch zwischen Nano und Banano ermöglichen.

Das führt zu einer interessanten Idee:

Wenn mehrere gebührenfreie Kryptowährungen kostenlos getauscht werden können, könnte Krypto als globales kostenloses Zahlungssystem funktionieren.

Dies unterscheidet sich stark von Bitcoin oder Ethereum, wo Gebühren eine wichtige Rolle spielen.

In Zukunft könnten Systeme entstehen für:

  • Nano ↔ Banano Tausch ohne Gebühren
  • Gebührenfreie Transfers zwischen Kryptowährungen
  • Mikrozahlungen
  • Machine-to-Machine Payments

2. Unterschiede von Nano zu anderen Blockchains

Nano unterscheidet sich grundlegend von Bitcoin und Ethereum.

Vergleich

EigenschaftBitcoinEthereumNano
KonsensProof of WorkProof of StakeRepresentative Voting
GebührenHochMittelKeine
GeschwindigkeitLangsamMittelSehr schnell
EnergieverbrauchSehr hochNiedrigSehr niedrig
Smart ContractsNeinJaNein
HauptzweckWertaufbewahrungAnwendungenZahlungen
BlöckeJaJaNein (Block-Lattice)
MiningJaNeinNein
Transaktionen pro SekundeNiedrigMittelHoch

Einfache Zusammenfassung

SystemAnalogie
BitcoinDigitales Gold
EthereumBlockchain Computer
NanoDigitales Bargeld

Nano versucht nicht, Ethereum zu ersetzen oder Smart Contracts auszuführen.
Nano ist für schnelle, kostenlose Zahlungen optimiert.


3. Projekte im Nano Ökosystem

Nano unterstützt keine Smart Contracts wie Ethereum, aber es existieren viele Projekte rund um Zahlungen und Community-Anwendungen.

Beispiele

  • WeNano – Standortbasierte Nano Distribution
  • NanChat – Messaging + Zahlungen
  • Natrium – Mobile Wallet
  • Nault – Web Wallet
  • Nano.to – Payment und Tipping Service
  • NanoTipBot – Social Media Trinkgelder
  • PlayNano – Spiele und Belohnungen
  • Banano Folding@home – Banano für wissenschaftliche Rechenleistung
  • Banano Ökosystem – Spiele, NFTs, Faucets

Viele Nano Projekte konzentrieren sich auf:

  • Zahlungen
  • Trinkgeldsysteme
  • Faucets
  • Spiele
  • Micro-Payments
  • Community Anwendungen

4. NFTs auf Nano und Banano (mit WAX)

Nano selbst unterstützt keine NFTs direkt, da es keine Smart Contracts gibt.
NFTs existieren jedoch im Ökosystem über:

  • Banano NFTs
  • Integration mit der WAX Blockchain
  • Off-Chain NFT Systeme mit Nano Zahlungen

WAX Blockchain

WAX ist eine Blockchain für NFTs und Gaming Assets.
Einige Projekte kombinieren:

  • NFTs auf WAX
  • Zahlungen mit Nano oder Banano
  • Gebührenfreie Transfers
  • Mikrotransaktionen

Dies könnte interessant sein für:

  • Spiele
  • Digitale Sammlerstücke
  • Tickets
  • Zertifikate
  • Digitale Assets

5. Mögliche Anwendungsfälle für Nano

Nano ist besonders interessant, wenn sehr kleine oder sehr häufige Zahlungen benötigt werden.

Mögliche Use Cases

  • Mikrozahlungen für Artikel
  • Pay-per-Use APIs
  • Machine-to-Machine Payments
  • IoT Zahlungen
  • Trinkgeldsysteme
  • Internationale Überweisungen
  • Spenden
  • Gaming Zahlungen
  • Streaming Bezahlungen pro Minute
  • Öffentlicher Verkehr
  • Automaten
  • Energiehandel zwischen Haushalten
  • Wissenschaftliche Rechenleistung
  • Faucet Systeme
  • Belohnungssysteme in Bildung

Nano ist sinnvoll, wenn:

  • Gebühren null sein müssen
  • Zahlungen sofort sein müssen
  • Beträge klein sind
  • Viele Transaktionen stattfinden

Ideales zukünftiges Projekt auf Nano

Interessante Projektideen auf Nano könnten sein:

  • Mikrozahlungssystem für Blogs (Bezahlung pro Artikel)
  • Wissenschaftlicher Datenmarktplatz
  • Mikrozahlungen für Studienteilnehmer in klinischen Studien
  • Globales Trinkgeldsystem
  • Machine-to-Machine Payment Netzwerk
  • IoT Payment System
  • Pay-per-Use AI Modelle
  • Energiehandel zwischen Haushalten
  • Spendenplattform ohne Gebühren
  • Open Data Marktplatz

Nano ist besonders interessant für sehr kleine Internetzahlungen.


6. Wie Einzelpersonen Projekte auf Nano aufbauen können

Man muss keine eigene Blockchain entwickeln, um Nano zu nutzen.

Projekte können aufgebaut werden über:

  • Nano APIs
  • Wallet Integration
  • Payment Buttons
  • Tip Bots
  • Faucets
  • Web Apps
  • Spiele
  • Spendenplattformen

Typische Schritte

  1. Nano Wallet erstellen
  2. Nano Node oder API nutzen
  3. Zahlung in Website oder App integrieren
  4. Nano für Belohnungen oder Zahlungen nutzen
  5. Community aufbauen
  6. Optional Banano oder NFTs integrieren

Viele Nano Projekte sind Community Projekte, nicht Unternehmensprojekte.


Fazit

Nano unterscheidet sich stark von vielen anderen Kryptowährungen.

Während viele Blockchains sich auf:

  • Smart Contracts
  • DeFi
  • Tokens
  • NFTs
  • Komplexe Anwendungen

konzentrieren, konzentriert sich Nano auf ein einziges Problem:

Geld sofort, weltweit und ohne Gebühren senden.

Nano könnte daher weniger eine Smart-Contract Plattform sein, sondern eher eine Zahlungsschicht für das Internet, insbesondere für Mikrozahlungen und Machine-to-Machine Payments.


Dieser Artikel dient ausschließlich zu Informations- und Bildungszwecken und stellt keine Finanz- oder Anlageberatung dar. Die Inhalte basieren auf eigener Recherche und persönlichen Einschätzungen. Texte können mit Unterstützung von KI-Werkzeugen wie ChatGPT strukturiert oder sprachlich überarbeitet worden sein.


Sunday, May 30, 2021

Photomania blog

 Photomania group on read.cash: https://read.cash/c/photomania-and-other-photo-editing-apps-4f1f


Here are examples of posts with different filters or not edited photos: 

1) ARTi filters: https://read.cash/@Swca.ch/arti-art-effects-app-ff95656e

An app on google play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.photo.artboard

Let it bee : Pictures from Uptrennd posts

 With Uptrennd closing, moving my pictures here.

Population of bees and other insects is unfortunately declining. 

https://www.businessinsider.com/insects-dying-off-sign-of-6th-mass-extinction-2019-2?r=US&IR=T

https://thehoneybeeconservancy.org/how-to-save-the-bees/



Uptrennd pictures

With Uptrennd discontinuation as of May 31st, here are some of my images from Uptrennd posts:


Some more post on read.cash


Pictures are processed with Snapseed, reduce size android apps.







From Pythagoras to Blockchain

220 and 284  = The first pair of Amicable numbers. 


Amicable pairs were discovered or known already by Pythagoreans. There are several formulas to calculate Amicable pairs discovered from around 860 by Thābit ibn Qurra and further researched by Amicable Eastern and Western matematicians.


https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amicable_numbers


There is no universal function or formula to describe them all. But there is a project on BOINC to compute these numbers. There are around 1.2 milliards pairs discovered by now; kept in a database for a futher research by matematicians.


Around 450 new pairs was discovered on my laptop with BOINC Amicable pairs project so far.


Unfortunately, this project is not running on a mobile phone as it is requring a lot of resources. It can be run on a laptop and better on GPU. 


Good news  = if you like to join this Amicable effort, it is enough to join for a week with a powerful PC and discover one or more new Amicable pairs.


More good news = Amicable pair is a Gridcoin project that earns GRC either by solo mining or with a GRC pool. There is always a way to donate these coins if it is not an intention to earn with this project. Gridcoin blockchain is good to developing crowd  science and maybe worth participation too. 


Ready to join?


https://sech.me/boinc/Amicable/join.php

More information:

Publish0x Banner


Friday, May 28, 2021

2key.io & Smart links

There is an interesting use case of 2key's smart links technology and video conferencing with Zoom.

It appears conference host can get paid for organizing a call or a training via Zoom smart session. Here is a link to the main page of this technology (no referral link)

https://www.2key.network/zoom-smartsession

I learned about it from the interview velow. There are more use cases, vision and technology behind 2key discussed:

https://2key.me/2KeyInterviewSmartlinksCryptoDefiErezBenKikiAlexandreRaffin/moto/TgUjR

This is a referral smart link. You may open it and listen to the interview or register with 2key and be a referrer : distribute these links and receive 2key tokens for referring. 

Thursday, May 27, 2021

Leisure Infrared photography with FLIR


 Thermal imaging has a lot of use cases in diagnostic of buildings, healthcare, security and protection. 


Here are my images that are done with non-professional camera. 


The lead image to this post is a Flir camera, that is to be plugged directly to a phone. Below and on read.cash blog are images of birds.


https://read.cash/@Swca.ch/flir-thermal-images-of-birds-6e0cbf75



These are cows - pretty even distribution of a heat


preview not available

preview not available



There are some more images of trees, computers or coffee below. 


The only problem with my camera is that charge is lasting for 5 minutes. Then I need to re-charge. Battery was not good from the beginning but it is an old camera too. I hope newly cameras and those integrated in a mobile phone are better. 



The last article shows laptops computing proteins with the Banano team.


Now time for a coffee ...


preview not available

Uptrennd | Leisure Infrared photography with FLIR

Friday, April 2, 2021

Trees from Uptrennd blog

 .....with Uptrennd closure, copy my tree images and collages in t
his post. 










Saturday, July 4, 2020

Gridcoin to reward volunteers to compute for science with BOINC

Gridcoin rewards computations with BOINC and compensated part of electricity cost.

BOINC client can be installed on a PC or Android phone to participate in a research of scientific projects in life science, physic, math and other fields.

Grcpool has to be used to select projects and connect to BOINC client to manage project progress and compute gridcoin rewards.

Gridcoin.us is an internet page of the Grindcoin project and Price of the coin can be found as follows:


https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/gridcoin-research

Although Gridcoin does not compensate electricity cost of computing, this is still rewarding and add some positivity in scientific contributions by volunteers.

Sunday, June 14, 2020

Donate mobile phone or a PC power to the scientific research

World Community Grid perform scientific research by sending computational tasks to a distributed network of private devices.

BOINC installation is required and Android app can be easily installed via Google play.

BOINC app is very handy and has a lot of customisation in relation to the usage. It can be set up to be used only when screen is inactive, or phone is charging, or at a specific battery level. If is a please to use BOINC app.

Other research projects can be added.

It may be practical to use second mobile or even an old device - mobile or a tablet, for a test. Most economical, however, is to use a regular devise which is anyway switched on and working to get use of it's iddle time.

If you like to join me in this research  journey, please register with a referral link below.


 

Sunday, June 7, 2020

F@H Project 16804

 Now my laptop computes Project 16804 which is not related to COVID and here is a short description: 





Simulation of a potassium ion channel inactivation and conduction. Potassium ion channels are crucial proteins of the membranes of excitable cells like neurons or cardiac cells. ...





What are potassium ion channels?



Potassium channels are proteins within a cell membrane to transport potassium. Cell membrane is a border between inside and outside, that regulates transfer of ions or other substances with often help of proteins . 


  • Cell inside is generally charged negative but rich in potassium (K), 
  • Cell outside is generally positive and rich in Natrium (Na).


Electric impulse in neurons and muscle cells is generated on a cell membrane and potassium ion channels play important role in this signal activity.



This is about what my computer was busy about. I hope scientist will find something new, publish it and help people with diseases related to electric activity of cells or potassium transport. 



Wanna fold with me? Click here


https://foldingathome.org/start-folding/


#citizenscience #foldingfirst #folding@home #F@H

Uptrennd | F@H update: Potassium ion channels

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

F@H update - project 14702

 After completing project 13850, my laptop runs project 14702.


Description of the project on F@H page is this:


These projects are CPU projects to simulate COVID-19 proteins to learn about their dynamics and function. These supplement high-priority GPU projects of the main protease as well as the COVID-19 receptor binding domains. All can be considered potential drug targets.


So this is about to design anti COVID-19 drugs targeting 2 molecules : the main protease and virus receptor binding domains. What is that? Let us get a little bit more details. 


1. The main protease.


Protease is an enzyme that cuts proteins. 'ase' is a common ending of enzyme names and more on this is here.


Covid-19 main protease is a peptide and an enzyme that human or other host cell produces based on COVID RNA genome.


So potential dugs against the main protease will obviously work after virus RNA is inserted into the cell and starts it's pathologic activity.


2. Receptor binding domains


Receptor is a peptide that receives and transmits signals. Many of receptors are located in the cell membaine and acessible on the cell membrane surface. These are getting signals and virus can also bind to these. More reading on this here.


Binding domains are parts of protein that are binding to the target. More on this here.


 So I assume that potential drugs against RBD will act differently and protect host cell from virus infection.


If you have questions, comments or corrections, please post below.



List of F@H projects


https://apps.foldingathome.org/psummary


References


https://stats.foldingathome.org/project?p=14702


https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6489/409


https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6083867/


https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3630917/


Uptrennd | F@H update - project 14702